abstract：:Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) form a large, functionally heterogeneous protein family presently with about 3000 primary and about 30 3D structures deposited in databases. Despite low sequence identities between different forms (about 15-30%), the 3D structures display highly similar alpha/beta folding pa...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Oppermann U,Filling C,Hult M,Shafqat N,Wu X,Lindh M,Shafqat J,Nordling E,Kallberg Y,Persson B,Jörnvall H

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased flux of glucose through the polyol pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of secondary diabetic complications. The first step of this pathway, which generates sorbitol from glucose, is catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR) (AKR1B). In vitro, the binding of substrates and inhibitors to AR is highly s...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Srivastava SK,Ramana KV,Chandra D,Srivastava S,Bhatnagar A

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD 1) physiologically catalyzes the interconversion of receptor-active 11-hydroxy glucocorticoids (cortisol) to their receptor-inactive 11-oxo metabolites (cortisone), thereby acting as important pre-receptor control device in regulating access of glucocorticoid horm...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Maser E,Friebertshäuser J,Völker B

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L-Xylulose reductase (XR) catalyzes the oxidoreduction between xylitol and L-xylulose in the uronate cycle. The enzyme has been shown to be identical to diacetyl reductase, an enzyme that reduces alpha-dicarbonyl compounds. XR belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, and shows high sequence identity ...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Ishikura S,Isaji T,Usami N,Nakagawa J,El-Kabbani O,Hara A

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abacavir (ZIAGEN) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor marketed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. A small percentage of patients experience a hypersensitivity reaction indicating immune system involvement and bioactivation. A major route of metabolism for abacavir is oxidation of a primary betagamma unsaturated al...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Walsh JS,Reese MJ,Thurmond LM

更新日期：2002-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We report here for the first time that germanium oxide (GeO(2)) blocks cell progression. GeO(2) is not genotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and has limited cytotoxicity. However, GeO(2) arrests cells at G2/M phase. The proportion of cells stopped at G2/M phase increased dose-dependently up to 5 mM GeO(2) whe...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Chiu SJ,Lee MY,Chen HW,Chou WG,Lin LY

更新日期：2002-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The AH receptor (AHR) mediates toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as well as induction of three cytochrome P450 enzymes and certain Phase II enzymes. In laboratory animals, genetic variations in the AHR lead to substantial differences in sensitivity to biochemical and toxic effects of TCDD and rela...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Harper PA,Wong Jm,Lam MS,Okey AB

更新日期：2002-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Selenocysteine Se-conjugates (e.g. methylselenocysteine) have been shown to be potent chemopreventive and chemoprotective agents, and inducers of apoptosis. Although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, beta-elimination of these compounds by beta-lyase enzymes into corresponding selenols, pyruvate and amm...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Rooseboom M,Vermeulen NP,Groot EJ,Commandeur JN

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The glutathione-S-transferases (GST) are a major contributor to the eukaryotic cell's defences against chemical and oxidative stress. However, the role of individual GST isoenzymes in conferring resistance to xenobiotics has not been fully determined. We have examined the effect of the rat GSTA5 isoenzyme in the detox...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Kazi S,Ellis EM

更新日期：2002-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:An assay of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GS) in crude extracts of cultured cells and tissues is described. It represents a novel combination of known methods, and is based on the formation of glutathione (GSH) from cysteine, glutamate and glycine in the presence of rat kidn...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Volohonsky G,Tuby CN,Porat N,Wellman-Rousseau M,Visvikis A,Leroy P,Rashi S,Steinberg P,Stark AA

更新日期：2002-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to the dominating roles that caspases play in the apoptotic cascade, their activities appear to be a primary factor in the death pathway (apoptosis versus oncosis/necrosis) decision. In murine FL5.12 proB lymphocytes, the cellular consequences of acrolein treatment included a lack of typical apoptotic features in ...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Kern JC,Kehrer JP

更新日期：2002-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the activation of p-cresol to form DNA adducts using horseradish peroxidase, rat liver microsomes and MnO(2). In vitro activation of p-cresol with horseradish peroxidase produced six DNA adducts with a relative adduct level of 8.03+/-0.43 x 10(-7). The formation of DNA adducts by oxidation of p-cr...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Gaikwad NW,Bodell WJ

更新日期：2001-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunction appears to contribute to some of the loss of function accompanying ageing. Mitochondria from aged tissue use oxygen inefficiently impairing ATP synthesis and results in increased oxidant production. A high flux of oxidants not only damages mitochondria, but other important cell biomolecules a...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Arivazhagan P,Ramanathan K,Panneerselvam C

更新日期：2001-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Genotoxic and clastogenic effects of styrene were studied in mice. Male NMRI mice were exposed by inhalation to styrene in concentrations of 750 and 1500 mg/m3 for 21, 7, 3 and 1 days (6 h/day, 7 days/week). Followed parameters included styrene in blood, specific styrene oxide (SO) induced DNA adducts, DNA strand brea...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Vodicka P,Koskinen M,Vodicková L,Stetina R,Smerák P,Bárta I,Hemminki K

更新日期：2001-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicokinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PER) in culture medium and their toxicity to CHO-K1 cells were investigated by employing an in vitro vapor exposure system. Cells were cultured in a 60 mm petri dish with a 25 mm glass dish glued in the central area. TCE or PER was added to the central...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Wang JL,Chen WL,Tsai SY,Sung PY,Huang RN

更新日期：2001-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to chemotherapeutic agent is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with cancer. In many cases, the primaly mechanism leading to a multidrug-resistant phenotype is the plasma-membrane localized overexpression of drug efflux transporters, such as P-glycoprotein. However, acidic intracellular organell...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Mankhetkorn S,Teodori E,Garnier-Suillerot A

更新日期：2001-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Butadiene epidemiologic research has focused primarily on one cohort of workers in the North American styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) industry and on the largest cohort of workers in the United States butadiene monomer industry. The most recent studies of these populations are characterized by carefully enumerated stud...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Acquavella JF,Leonard RC

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper assesses the current knowledge of 1,3-butadiene as an atmospheric pollutant, considers measurement techniques and reviews available data on 1,3-butadiene monitoring and emissions estimates. Atmospheric chemistry, sources of emission, current legislation, measurement techniques and monitoring programmes for ...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Dollard GJ,Dore CJ,Jenkin ME

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that repeated low level exposures to 1,3-butadiene (BD), approaching the OSHA occupational threshold for this chemical, produce a significant mutagenic response in mice. Female B6C3F1 mice (4-5 weeks of age) were exposed by inhalation for 2 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week) to 0...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Meng Q,Henderson RF,Long L,Blair L,Walker DM,Upton PB,Swenberg JA,Walker VE

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluated relations between exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD), styrene (STY) and dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC) and mortality from leukemia among synthetic rubber industry workers. Subjects were 13130 men employed for at least 1 year during 1943-1991 at any of six plants that manufactured synthetic rubber. De...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Delzell E,Macaluso M,Sathiakumar N,Matthews R

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A common method to assess exposure to 1,3-butadiene through both occupational and environmental routes involves the detection of hemoglobin adducts formed by the primary reactive metabolite butadiene monoxide (EB). This assay is a modification of the Edman degradation procedure, which was developed to determine adduct...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Moll TS,Harms AC,Elfarra AA

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Syrian hamster Harderian gland (HG), representing a highly porphyrogenic organ, was used as a model system for studying physiologically occurring damage of biomolecules by porphyrins and their precursors, phenomena associated with from the pathological situation of porphyrias. The species used exhibits the peculia...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Coto-Montes A,Boga JA,Tomás-Zapico C,Rodríguez-Colunga MJ,Martínez-Fraga J,Tolivia-Cadrecha D,Menéndez G,Hardeland R,Tolivia D

更新日期：2001-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Organotin compounds, particularly tri-organotin, have demonstrated cytotoxic properties against a number of tumor cell lines. On this basis, triethyltin(IV)lupinylsulfide hydrochloride (IST-FS 29), a quinolizidine derivative, was synthesized and developed as a potential antitumor agent. This tin-derived compound exhib...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Barbieri F,Sparatore F,Cagnoli M,Bruzzo C,Novelli F,Alama A

更新日期：2001-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Data has been published showing that in heterotetrameric liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase composed of the active (E487) and the inactive Oriental-variant (K487) subunit, the Oriental variant was dominant and caused the inactivation of the E487 subunit. The published structures of the enzyme showed that the g...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Weiner H,Wei B,Zhou J

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular biology and enzymology of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) have been extensively investigated. However, most of the studies have been confined to the mammalian forms, while the sub-mammalian vertebrate ALDHs are relatively unexplored. In the present investigation, an ALDH was purified from the hepatopancrea...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Fong W,Choy K

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxic medium chain length alkanals, alkenals, and 4-hydroxyalkenals that are generated during lipid peroxidation are potential substrates for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoforms. We have developed transgenic cell lines to examine the potential for either human ALDH1A1 or ALDH3A1 to protect against damage mediated b...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Townsend AJ,Leone-Kabler S,Haynes RL,Wu Y,Szweda L,Bunting KD

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) is an NAD(+)/NADH dependent enzyme with a broad substrate specificity being active on an assortment of primary and secondary alcohols. It catalyzes the reversible oxidation of a wide variety of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones as well as the oxidation of cer...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Pocker Y

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (MDR) alcohol dehydrogenases exhibit multiple forms through a number of gene duplications. A crucial duplication was the one leading from the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase line to the liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) lines of vertebrates, the first duplication...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Jörnvall H,Shafqat J,Persson B

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Since aldose reductase is localized primarily in lens epithelial cells, osmotic insults induced by the accumulation of sugar alcohols occur first in these cells. To determine whether the accumulation of sugar alcohols can induce lens epithelial cell death, galactose-induced apoptosis has been investigated in dog lens ...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Murata M,Ohta N,Sakurai S,Alam S,Tsai J,Kador PF,Sato S

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:4-Methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) has been identified as one of the strongest nitrosamine carcinogens in tobacco products in all species tested. Carbonyl reduction to 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) followed by glucuronosylation is considered to be the main detoxification pathway in...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Atalla A,Maser E

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbonyl reductase (CR) is an enzyme which can catalyze the oxidoreduction of various carbonyl compounds in the presence of NAD(P)H. With the PCR method, using primers carrying the conserved nucleotide sequence among mammalian CRs, we isolated three different cDNAs (CHCR1, CHCR2 and CHCR3) which encode a unique carbon...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Terada T,Sugihara Y,Nakamura K,Sato R,Sakuma S,Fujimoto Y,Fujita T,Inazu N,Maeda M

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucuronide conjugates represent one of the major types of naturally occurring phase 2 metabolites of xenobiotics and endobiotics. The process underlying their formation, glucuronidation, is normally considered detoxifying, because glucuronides usually possess less intrinsic biological or chemical activity than their ...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Ritter JK

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously we reported that methylsulphonyl-2,6-dichlorobenzene, 2, 6-(diCl-MeSO(2)-B), was irreversibly bound to the olfactory mucosa of mice and induced necrosis of the Bowman's glands with subsequent neuroepithelial degeneration and detachment. In this study, autoradiography and histopathology were used to determin...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Bahrami F,van Hezik C,Bergman A,Brandt I

更新日期：2000-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The hydroquinone and catechol like metabolites, NCQ344 and NCQ436 respectively, of the antipsychotic remoxipride have recently been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in myeloperoxidase (MPO)-rich human bone marrow progenitor and HL-60 cells [S.M. McGuinness, R. Johansson, J. Lundstrom, D. Ross, Induction of apoptosis b...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Inayat-Hussain SH,McGuinness SM,Johansson R,Lundstrom J,Ross D

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Keratinocytes cultured from human and rat epidermis exhibited strongly divergent sensitivities to toxicity from the heterocyclic amine food mutagen Trp-P-2. To find a biochemical basis for this difference, the cultured cells were compared in their expression of phase 1 and 2 biotransformation activities, mutagenic act...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Chun HS,Kuzmicky PA,Kado NY,Rice RH

更新日期：2000-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel post-addition method, based on the trapping of ABTS-radicals, is applied for studying the total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma. A remarkable profile is observed, in which seminal plasma quenches radicals in a continuous, relatively slow fashion. Five putative antioxidants present in seminal plasma were...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： van Overveld FW,Haenen GR,Rhemrev J,Vermeiden JP,Bast A

更新日期：2000-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined and compared enantioselectivity in the oxidation of propranolol (PL) by liver microsomes from humans and Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). PL was oxidized at the naphthalene ring to 4-hydroxypropranolol, 5-hydroxypropranolol and side chain N-desisopropylpropranolol by human liver microsomes with enantiose...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Narimatsu S,Kobayashi N,Masubuchi Y,Horie T,Kakegawa T,Kobayashi H,Hardwick JP,Gonzalez FJ,Shimada N,Ohmori S,Kitada M,Asaoka K,Kataoka H,Yamamoto S,Satoh T

更新日期：2000-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Pineal hormone melatonin is an important regulator of endocrine and circadian rhythms in vertebrates. Since liver is assumed to be the major organ in the metabolism of this indole hormone, we investigated the effect of the known Ah-receptor agonist, 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on melatonin metabolism i...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Pesonen M,Korkalainen M,Laitinen JT,Andersson TB,Vakkuri O

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:4-Trifluoromethylphenol (4-TFMP) was cytotoxic to precision-cut rat liver slices as indicated by loss of intracellular potassium. Intracellular glutathione levels decreased and fluoride ion levels increased in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of 4-TFMP did not appear to be due to the release...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Thompson DC,Perera K,London R

更新日期：2000-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytochrome P450 isoforms responsible for the regio-selective metabolism of benz[a]anthracene (BA) are poorly defined but as with other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may include members of the CYP2C sub-family. Since the expression of some of these is regulated in a gender-specific manner and may be alter...

journal_title：Chemico-biological interactions

authors： Boyle SP,Craft JA

更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00